Ubuntu 12 安裝 Java6/7

文章來源:
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-java-on-ubuntu-with-apt-get

安裝原生 default 的 JRE/JDK

這是較佳且容義的選擇，在 Ubuntu 12.04~ 會安裝 OpenJDK 6，而 Ubuntu 12.10+ 則會安裝 OpenJDK 7
全程只需用 apt-get 安裝即可, 便利且穩定。
指令: 
    sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get install default-jre
    sudo apt-get install default-jdk

安裝 OpenJDK 7

指令:
    sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jre
    sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk

安裝 Oracle JDK

前置工作:
    sudo apt-get  install python-software-properties
    sudo add-apt-repository   ppa:webupd8team/java
    sudo apt-get  update

  安裝Oracle JDK 6:
        sudo apt-get  install  oracle-java-6-installer

  安裝Oracle JDK 7:
        sudo apt-get  install  oracle-java-7-installer

  安裝Oracle JDK 8:
        sudo apt-get  install  oracle-java-8-installer

 管理 JAVA使用版本

設定 java 與 javac
    sudo update-alternatives --config  java
    sudo update-alternatives --config  javac

設定 JAVA_HOME
    vi /etc/environment
    修改 JAVA_HOME="想採用的java path"
    如:  JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle"

原文如下:

This is the recommended and easiest option. This will install OpenJDK 6 on Ubuntu 12.04 and earlier and on 12.10+ it will install OpenJDK 7.
Installing Java with apt-get is easy. First, update the package index:

sudo apt-get update

Then, check if Java is not already installed:

java -version

If it returns "The program java can be found in the following packages", Java hasn't been installed yet, so execute the following command:

sudo apt-get install default-jre

This will install the Java Runtime Environment (JRE). If you instead need the Java Development Kit (JDK), which is usually needed to compile Java applications (for example Apache Ant, Apache Maven, Eclipse and IntelliJ IDEA execute the following command:

sudo apt-get install default-jdk

That is everything that is needed to install Java.
All other steps are optional and must only be executed when needed.

Installing OpenJDK 7 (optional)

To install OpenJDK 7, execute the following command:

sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jre 

This will install the Java Runtime Environment (JRE). If you instead need the Java Development Kit (JDK), execute the following command:

sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk

Installing Oracle JDK (optional)

The Oracle JDK is the official JDK; however, it is no longer provided by Oracle as a default installation for Ubuntu.
You can still install it using apt-get. To install any version, first execute the following commands:

sudo apt-get install python-software-properties
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update

Then, depending on the version you want to install, execute one of the following commands:

Oracle JDK 6

This is an old version but still in use.

sudo apt-get install oracle-java6-installer

Oracle JDK 7

This is the latest stable version.

sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer

Oracle JDK 8

This is a developer preview, the general release is scheduled for March 2014. This external article about Java 8 may help you to understand what it's all about.

sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer

Managing Java (optional)

When there are multiple Java installations on your Droplet, the Java version to use as default can be chosen. To do this, execute the following command:

sudo update-alternatives --config java

It will usually return something like this if you have 2 installations (if you have more, it will of course return more):

There are 2 choices for the alternative java (providing /usr/bin/java).

Selection    Path                                            Priority   Status
------------------------------------------------------------
* 0            /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/jre/bin/java          1062      auto mode
  1            /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java   1061      manual mode
  2            /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/jre/bin/java          1062      manual mode

Press enter to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number:

You can now choose the number to use as default. This can also be done for the Java compiler (javac):

sudo update-alternatives --config javac

It is the same selection screen as the previous command and should be used in the same way. This command can be executed for all other commands which have different installations. In Java, this includes but is not limited to: keytool, javadoc and jarsigner.

Setting the "JAVA_HOME" environment variable

To set the JAVA_HOME environment variable, which is needed for some programs, first find out the path of your Java installation:

sudo update-alternatives --config java

It returns something like:

There are 2 choices for the alternative java (providing /usr/bin/java).

Selection    Path                                            Priority   Status
------------------------------------------------------------
* 0            /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/jre/bin/java          1062      auto mode
  1            /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java   1061      manual mode
  2            /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/jre/bin/java          1062      manual mode

Press enter to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number:

The path of the installation is for each:

1. /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle
2. /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk-amd64
3. /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle

Copy the path from your preferred installation and then edit the file /etc/environment:

sudo nano /etc/environment

In this file, add the following line (replacing YOUR_PATH by the just copied path):

JAVA_HOME="YOUR_PATH"

That should be enough to set the environment variable. Now reload this file:

source /etc/environment

Test it by executing:

echo $JAVA_HOME

If it returns the just set path, the environment variable has been set successfully. If it doesn't, please make sure you followed all steps correctly.




文章來源:
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-java-on-ubuntu-with-apt-get